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1 beer-swilling
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2 swill
1. transitive verb1) (rinse)2. nounswill [out] — [aus]spülen
give something a swill [out]/down — etwas [aus]spülen/abspülen
* * *[swil] 1. verb 2. noun1) (a rinse: He brushed his teeth and then gave his mouth a swill.) das Spülen•- academic.ru/118711/swill_out">swill out* * *[swɪl]1. (pig feed) Schweinefutter nt; ( fig pej: inferior drink) Gesöff nt pej fam; (inferior food) Fraß m pej famII. vt▪ to \swill sth [down] etw hinunterstürzento \swill [down] alcohol/beer Alkohol/Bier hinunterkippen fam2. (swirl a liquid)▪ to \swill sth around [or round and round] etw [hin und her] schwenken3. (rinse)▪ to \swill sth out etw ausspülen* * *[swɪl]1. n1) (= animal food) (Schweine)futter nt; (= garbage, slops, solid) Abfälle pl; (liquid) Schmutzwasser nt; (fig pej) (Schweine)fraß m (inf); (liquid) Abwaschwasser nt2) (= cleaning)See:= swill2. vt1) (esp Brit) auswaschen; cup, dish ausschwenkento swill sth down — etw abspülen; floor etw waschen
he swilled it down with beer — er hat es mit Bier runtergespült (inf)
3)* * *swill [swıl]A v/t1. (ab)spülen:swill out ausspülen2. umg Bier etc saufen, hinunterschütten:swill o.s. with sich volllaufen lassen mitB v/i saufenC s1. (Ab)Spülen n:give sth a swill etwas (ab)spülen2. Spülicht n (auch fig pej)3. Spültrank m (für Schweine)4. peja) Gesöff nb) (Sau)Fraß m* * *1. transitive verb1) (rinse)2. nounswill [out] — [aus]spülen
give something a swill [out]/down — etwas [aus]spülen/abspülen
* * *v.spülen v. -
3 swill
swil
1. verb(to (cause to) flow around: Water was swilling around in the bottom of the boat.) regar, baldear; enjuagar
2. noun1) (a rinse: He brushed his teeth and then gave his mouth a swill.) enjuague; lavada2) ((also pigswill) semi-liquid food given to pigs.) bazofia•tr[swɪl]1 (pig food) bazofia; (rubbish) basura, porquería1 (rinse - mouth, dish, etc) enjuagar ( out, -); (- area) regar ( down, -); (- deck) baldear ( down, -)1 (liquid) moverse (around/over, -)swill ['swɪl] vt: chupar, beber a tragos grandesswill n1) slop: bazofia f2) garbage: basura fn.• bazofia s.f.• enjuagadura s.f.• inmundicia s.f.v.• beber a grandes tragos v.• enjuagar v.
I swɪl1) ua) ( for pigs) comida f para cerdosb) (colloq) (disgusting food, drink) bazofia f (fam), porquería f (fam)2) ( with water) (no pl)
II
1) (wash, rinse)to swill something (out) — \<\<cups/pans\>\> lavar/enjuagar* algo
2) ( drink) (colloq & pej) \<\<beer\>\> tomar or beber ( a grandes tragos)[swɪl]1. N1) (=food for pigs) comida f para los cerdos; (=revolting food, drink) bazofia f, basura fhow can you drink this swill? — ¿cómo te es posible beber esta basura?
2) (=wash)3) (=swallow, draught)he took a swill from the bottle — echó or dio un trago de la botella
2. VT1) (=clean) (also: swill out) lavar, limpiar con agua2) (=drink) [+ beer] beber a tragos* * *
I [swɪl]1) ua) ( for pigs) comida f para cerdosb) (colloq) (disgusting food, drink) bazofia f (fam), porquería f (fam)2) ( with water) (no pl)
II
1) (wash, rinse)to swill something (out) — \<\<cups/pans\>\> lavar/enjuagar* algo
2) ( drink) (colloq & pej) \<\<beer\>\> tomar or beber ( a grandes tragos) -
4 swill
swɪl
1. сущ.
1) полоскание, обливание водой
2) помои (для свиней), пойло
2. гл.
1) полоскать, обливать водой (часто swill out/down) Don't forget to swill out the bottle before returning it to the milkman. ≈ Не забудь помыть бутылки, прежде чем отдать их молочнику.
2) разг. жадно пить, лакать (тж. swill down) Peter is in the kitchen, swilling down the beer as usual. ≈ Питер на кухне, как всегда пьет пиво. полоскание, обливание водой - to give smth. a * (out) ополоснуть что-л. помои (для свиней) ;
пойло неумеренное употребление спиртного;
пьянство полоскать, обливать (водой;
тж. * out) - to * (out) a basin ополоснуть таз( разговорное) жадно и много пить;
напиваться - to * oneself with beer накачаться пивом swill разг. жадно пить, лакать ~ полоскание, обливание водой ~ полоскать, обливать водой (часто swill out) ~ помои (для свиней), пойло -
5 swill
I [swɪl]1) (food) pastone m. (per maiali)2) (act of swilling) bevuta f.II [swɪl]verbo transitivo colloq. (drink) trincare, sbevazzare* * *[swil] 1. verb(to (cause to) flow around: Water was swilling around in the bottom of the boat.) (scorrere)2. noun1) (a rinse: He brushed his teeth and then gave his mouth a swill.) risciacquata2) ((also pigswill) semi-liquid food given to pigs.) broda•* * *[swɪl]1. n(also) pej broda2. vt1) (clean), (also: swill out) risciacquare2) (fam : drink: beer etc) tracannare* * *swill /swɪl/n.2 [u] lavatura di piatti; risciacquatura; broda per maiali3 [u] (spreg.) broda; brodaglia4 (fam.) abbondante bevuta; trincata (fam.).(to) swill /swɪl/A v. t.2 (fam.) bere avidamente; tracannareB v. i.(fam.) bere smodatamente; sbevazzare; attaccarsi alla bottiglia (fam.)● to swill down, lavare ( la strada, il garage, ecc.); buttare giù, trincare, tracannare ( birra, vino, ecc.) □ to swill out, lavare a fondo ( un locale); sciacquare bene ( una bottiglia, ecc.).* * *I [swɪl]1) (food) pastone m. (per maiali)2) (act of swilling) bevuta f.II [swɪl]verbo transitivo colloq. (drink) trincare, sbevazzare -
6 swill
I n sl1)The swill they serve here is better than you can get elsewhere — Вино, которое здесь наливают, лучше, чем в любом другом месте
2)How about a swill out of your glass? — Можно, я сделаю глоток из твоего стакана?
3)II vt sl -
7 swill
[swɪl] 1. сущ.1) полоскание, обливание водой2) помои ( для свиней), пойло••2. гл.six o'clock swill — австрал.; разг. быстрая выпивка в конце рабочего дня
1) = swill out, = swill down полоскать, обливать водойDon't forget to swill out the bottle before returning it to the milkman. — Не забудь помыть бутылки, прежде чем отдать их молочнику.
2) разг.; = swill down жадно пить, лакатьPeter is in the kitchen, swilling down the beer as usual. — Питер на кухне, как всегда сосёт своё пиво.
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8 swill
1. [swıl] n1. полоскание, обливание водойto give smth. a swill (out) - ополоснуть что-л.
2. помои ( для свиней); пойло3. неумеренное употребление спиртного; пьянство2. [swıl] v1. полоскать, обливать ( водой; тж. swill out)to swill (out) a basin [a plate] - ополоснуть таз [тарелку]
2. разг. жадно и много пить; напиваться -
9 swill
[swɪl] nto \swill sth [down] etw hinunterstürzen;2) ( swirl a liquid)3) ( rinse)to \swill sth out etw ausspülen -
10 swill
1. n полоскание, обливание водой2. n помои; пойло3. n неумеренное употребление спиртного; пьянство4. v полоскать, обливать5. v разг. жадно и много пить; напиватьсяСинонимический ряд:1. drink (noun) draft; drag; drain; draught; drench; drink; potation; pull; quaff; sip; swig2. refuse (noun) debris; dreck; garbage; junk; kelter; litter; offal; outsweepings; refuse; riffraff; rubbish; slops; spilth; sweepings; trash; waste3. consume (verb) consume; polish off; punish; put away; put down; shift4. drink (verb) booze; drink; gulp; guzzle; hit the bottle; imbibe; liquor up; nip; quaff; soak; swallow; swig; swizzle; tank up; tipple; tope -
11 swill down
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12 swill oneself with beer
Общая лексика: накачаться пивомУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > swill oneself with beer
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13 hineinlaufen
v/i (unreg., trennb., ist -ge-)1. Person, Wasser, Farbe etc.: run inside ( oder in there); hineinlaufen in (+ Akk) run inside ( oder into); literweise Bier in sich hineinlaufen lassen consume beer by the lit|re (Am. -er)2. unachtsam: in jemanden hineinlaufen run ( oder bump) into s.o.; in ein Auto hineinlaufen run into a car* * *hi|nein|lau|fenvi sep irreg aux seinto run in ( in +acc -to)in sein eigenes Unglück hinéínlaufen — to be heading for misfortune
etw in sich hinéínlaufen lassen (inf) — to knock sth back (inf)
* * *hi·nein|lau·fenvi irreg Hilfsverb: sein1. (in etw laufen)* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) run in; (gehen) walk inin etwas (Akk.) hineinlaufen — run/walk into something
in sein Verderben hineinlaufen — (fig.) be heading [straight] for disaster
2) (fließen)in etwas (Akk.) hineinlaufen — run into something
* * *hineinlaufen v/i (irr, trennb, ist -ge-)literweise Bier in sich hineinlaufen lassen consume beer by the litre (US -er)2. unachtsam:in jemanden hineinlaufen run ( oder bump) into sb;in ein Auto hineinlaufen run into a car* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) run in; (gehen) walk inin etwas (Akk.) hineinlaufen — run/walk into something
in sein Verderben hineinlaufen — (fig.) be heading [straight] for disaster
2) (fließen)in etwas (Akk.) hineinlaufen — run into something
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14 bælle
vb:[ bælle i sig] swill ( fx swill beer). -
15 тягти
= тягнути1) ( волочити) to draw, to pullтягти канат мор. — to heave, to haul up
2) ( про локомотив) to haul, to tug; ( на буксирі) to towтягти судно на канаті — to tow, to track a boat, to take ( to have) in tow
3) ( витягувати) to draw; ( розтягати) to stretch4) ( зволікати) to delay, to drag out, to put off, to protract5) (розтягувати, повільно говорити) to drawl, to drag outтягти слова — to drawl, to speak in a slow and lazy manner
6) безос. ( вабити) to drag; to draw; to attract7) ( виймати) to draw, to pull8) ( цупити) to steal; to filch9) безос. ( мати тягу) to draw10) безос. (повівати; доноситися - про запах) to come, to be felt11) ( прокладати) to lay12) (зі смаком пити, вдихати) to draw up; to suck in, to take in13) ( відповідати вимогам) to make the grade (as)14)тягти волинку — to dawdle, to drag out, to be dilatory
тягти лямку — to drudge, to toil
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16 hineinlaufen
hi·nein|lau·fenvi irreg sein1) ( in etw laufen)in etw genau \hineinlaufen to run/walk straight into sth2) ( hineinfließen)Bier in sich \hineinlaufen lassen to swill beer -
17 тянуть
1) (вн.; тащить) pull (d), draw (d); (о локомотиве и т.п. тж.) haul (d); ( волочить) drag (d); ( что-л тяжёлое) haul (d); (кабель и т.п.) lay (d)тяну́ть на букси́ре — tow [təʊ] (d); have (d) in tow
тяну́ть в ра́зные сто́роны — pull in different directions
тяну́ть кого́-л за рука́в — pull smb by the sleeve, tug at smb's sleeve
никто́ его́ си́лой не тяну́л — no one made him go, no one forced him to go (d)
2) (сов. вы́тянуть) (вн.; вытаскивать) pull (d), draw (d)тяну́ть жре́бий — draw lots
тяну́ть биле́т на экза́мене — draw a questions card at the exam
3) (вн.; проволоку) draw (d)4) (вн.; медленно произносить) drawl (d), drag out (d)тяну́ть слова́ — drawl
тяну́ть но́ту — sustain a note
тяну́ть пе́сню [мело́дию] — sing a slow song [melody]
5) (сов. протяну́ть) (вн.; с тв.; медлить) drag out (d), delay (d), protract (d), procrastinate (d)тяну́ть с отве́том — delay one's answer
не тяни́! — quick!; hurry up!
он тяну́л с э́тим де́лом и упусти́л все возмо́жности — he kept putting it off and missed all the chances
6) разг. (сов. потяну́ть) (на вн.; весить) weigh (as much as)сли́ток потяну́л на пять килогра́ммов — the ingot weighed as much as five kilogram(me)s
7) разг. (на вн.; соответствовать требованиям или оценке) make the grade (as)на манеке́нщицу она́ не тя́нет — she won't make the grade as a model
бо́льше чем на тро́йку э́тот студе́нт не тя́нет — that student can't get any better marks брит. / grades амер. than fair / satisfactory
карти́на тя́нет на ты́сячу до́лларов — the picture may be priced as much as a thousand dollars
8) разг. (сов. потяну́ть) (вн.; выполнять какую-л тяжёлую работу) shoulder the burden (of), carry (d) on one's shouldersона́ тя́нет на себе́ всю семью́ — she shoulders the burdens of the family
он уже́ не тя́нет э́ту рабо́ту — he can't manage the job anymore; he can't hack it anymore sl
мне э́того уже́ не потяну́ть — I couldn't shoulder such a burden any more
9) разг. чаще с отрицанием ( делать что-л качественно) be up to scratch [the mark]орке́стр стал игра́ть лу́чше, но по-пре́жнему не тя́нет — the orchestra has improved, but it is still not up to scratch
10) (обладать тягой - о трубе и т.п.) draw11) безл. (сов. потяну́ть) (тв.; о струе воздуха, о запахе и т.п.) come, be feltтя́нет хо́лодом от о́кон — the cold (air) is coming from the windows, there is a cold draught брит. / draft амер. from the windows
тя́нет како́й-то дря́нью — there's a foul smell coming from somewhere
12) разг. (сов. втяну́ть) (вн.; вбирать, всасывать) draw up (d)тяну́ть в себя́ во́здух — inhale deeply [draw in] the air
тяну́ть че́рез соло́минку — suck through a straw (d)
тяну́ть пи́во разг. — swill beer
13) разг. (вн. из, с рд.; выпрашивать, вымогать) squeeze (d out of); extort (d from)его́ тя́нет (к, + инф.) — he has an inclination (for, + to inf), he has a longing (for); he wants (+ to inf)
его́ тя́нет в теа́тр — he would like to go to the theatre, he has a longing for the theatre
его́ тя́нет отсю́да — he longs / wants to get away from here
его́ тя́нет ко сну — he is sleepy
его́ тя́нет к рабо́те — he feels like working, he wants to work
его́ тя́нет домо́й — he longs to go home, he yearns [jɜːnz] / longs for home
15) (вн.; подтягивать в учёбе и т.п.) pull (d) up, help (d) catch up••тяну́ть кого́-л за́ уши (в учёбе) — use every trick in the book ( to make smb study)
тяну́ть всё ту же пе́сню — go on about smth, harp on the same string
своя́ но́ша не тя́нет погов. — см. ноша
тяну́ть за язы́к — см. язык
тяну́ть рези́ну — см. резина
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18 trago
m.1 mouthful.de un trago in one gulp2 drink (informal) (copa).echar o tomar un trago to have a quick drink3 shot of liquor, shot, draught, swill.4 gulp, swallow.5 alcoholic beverage, drink.6 tragus.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: tragar.* * *1 (sorbo) swig, drop\beberse algo de un trago to down something in onepasar un mal trago figurado to have a bad time of it* * *noun m.1) swallow2) draught* * *SM1) [de un líquido] drinkechar un trago — to have a drink, have a swig *
¡échame un trago! — give me a drink!
3) (=experiencia)mal trago, trago amargo — (=momento difícil) hard time, rough time; (=golpe) blow; (=desgracia) misfortune, calamity
4)a tragos: hacer algo a tragos — to do sth bit by bit
* * *1)a) ( de líquido) drink, swigdame un traguito para probar — let me try a sip o a drop
b) (esp AmL fam) ( bebida alcohólica) drink¿vamos a tomar un trago? — shall we go for a drink?
2) ( experiencia)* * *= tipple, swig, grog, sip, tot.Ex. Anybody who enjoys a tipple will love a hip flask -- a real winter warmer!.Ex. He also apparently washed it down with a swig of a vodka mixer and a beer taken from a cooler, the vehicle's owner said.Ex. They barmaids plied the three mateys with grog until they passed out.Ex. He never had issues with alcohol as a teen with going off the rails etc as he was used to have a sip of wine now and then with dinner or at Crimbo.Ex. So if you want to take a tot or two of tequila or several margaritas with your meals, you now have a scientific excuse.----* echarse un trago = tipple.* mal trago = awful experience.* tomarse un trago = take + a swig.* trago amargo = bitter pill.* * *1)a) ( de líquido) drink, swigdame un traguito para probar — let me try a sip o a drop
b) (esp AmL fam) ( bebida alcohólica) drink¿vamos a tomar un trago? — shall we go for a drink?
2) ( experiencia)* * *= tipple, swig, grog, sip, tot.Ex: Anybody who enjoys a tipple will love a hip flask -- a real winter warmer!.
Ex: He also apparently washed it down with a swig of a vodka mixer and a beer taken from a cooler, the vehicle's owner said.Ex: They barmaids plied the three mateys with grog until they passed out.Ex: He never had issues with alcohol as a teen with going off the rails etc as he was used to have a sip of wine now and then with dinner or at Crimbo.Ex: So if you want to take a tot or two of tequila or several margaritas with your meals, you now have a scientific excuse.* echarse un trago = tipple.* mal trago = awful experience.* tomarse un trago = take + a swig.* trago amargo = bitter pill.* * *A1 (de un líquido) drink, swigtoma un trago de agua have a drink o swig of waterdame un traguito para probar let me try a sip o a dropse bebió el vermut de un trago she downed her vermouth in one gulp o ( BrE) in one go¿vamos a tomar un trago? shall we go for a drink?son muy aficionados al trago they like o they're very fond of their drink, they drink a lotun trago largo a long drinkB1(experiencia): ha pasado un trago amargo con lo del divorcio he's had a rough time o ( BrE) been through a rough patch with the divorceése sí que fue un mal trago that really was an awful experience2( Esp fam) (de una persona): ¡vaya trago que tiene la tía! that woman takes some putting up with! ( colloq)* * *
Del verbo tragar: ( conjugate tragar)
trago es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
tragó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
tragar
trago
tragar ( conjugate tragar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹comida/agua/medicina› to swallow
2 (fam) ( aguantar):◊ no lo trago I can't stand him
verbo intransitivo
1 (Fisiol) to swallow
2 (RPl fam) ( estudiar) to cram
tragarse verbo pronominal
1 ( enf)
‹ orgullo› to swallow
2 (fam)
trago sustantivo masculino
1
de un trago in one gulp
◊ ¿vamos a tomar un trago? shall we go for a drink?
2 ( experiencia):
tragar verbo transitivo
1 (un trozo de comida, etc) to swallow
2 fam (comer muy deprisa) to gobble up, tuck away: ¡no veas cómo traga!, he eats a lot!
3 Auto fam (combustible) to use
4 (un desagüe) to drain off
(el mar, agua) el remolino se lo tragó, it was sucked down by the whirlpool
5 (transigir, tolerar) to put up with
6 fig (a alguien) to stand, bear
7 fig (creer) to believe, swallow
trago sustantivo masculino
1 (cantidad de líquido) gulp, swallow
2 (bebida alcohólica) nip, drink
3 (rato, situación) fue un trago muy amargo, it was a bitter pill to swallow
♦ Locuciones: pasar un mal trago, to go through a rough patch
' trago' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
beber
- buche
- copa
- de
- pelotazo
- tragar
- echar
- golpe
- sorbo
English:
bait
- buy
- draught
- gulp
- inhale
- knock back
- pill
- pull
- slug
- swallow
- swig
- booze
- drink
- go
- mouthful
- suck
- use
* * *trago nm1. [de líquido] drink;¿me das un trago de cerveza? could I have a drink o sip of your beer?;beber algo a grandes tragos to gulp sth down;sólo un traguito just a sip;de un trago in one gulple gusta demasiado el trago he's too fond of the boozeFampasar un mal trago to have a tough time of it;pasó muy mal trago con el accidente de su hijo she went through a very tough time over her son's accident;le tocó el trago amargo de anunciar los despidos he had the unpleasant task of announcing the lay-offs;su ausencia resultaría un trago amargo para todos his absence would be a bitter blow for all of them* * *m1 de agua mouthful2 fambebida drink;echar otomar un trago take a swig o drink;de un trago in one gulp;pasar un mal trago fig have a hard time* * *trago nm1) : swallow, swig2) : drink, liquor3)trago amargo : hard time* * *trago n1. (copa) drink2. (disgusto) blow -
19 wytrąb|ić
pf vt pot. (wypić dużo i łapczywie) to swill [sth] down a. swill down pot.; to down- wytrąbił dwa kufle piwa he downed two mugs of beer ⇒ trąbićThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wytrąb|ić
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20 swig
1. n разг. большой глоток2. v разг. потягивать3. n мор. тали с лопарями, расходящимися под углом4. n мор. надёргиваниеСинонимический ряд:1. drink (noun) beer; draft; drag; drain; draught; drench; drink; glass; mouthful; quaff; swallow; swill2. drink (verb) booze; drink; guzzle; imbibe; liquor up; nip; soak; swill; swizzle; tank up; tipple; tope
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См. также в других словарях:
swill — swill1 [swıl] v [: Old English; Origin: swillan] 1.) [T] BrE to wash something by pouring a lot of water over it or into it swill sth away/down/out ▪ Get a bucket to swill the yard down. 2.) [I and T] if a liquid swills around or you swill it… … Dictionary of contemporary English
swill — 1 verb (T) 1 to wash an area by pouring a lot of water over it or into it: swill sth down/out: Get a bucket to swill the yard down. 2 informal to drink something in large amounts: He does nothing but swill beer all day. 2 noun 1 (U) food for pigs … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
swill — I. verb Etymology: Middle English swilen, from Old English swillan Date: before 12th century transitive verb 1. wash, drench 2. to drink great drafts of ; guzzle < swill beer > 3 … New Collegiate Dictionary
Beer in New Zealand — Beer is the most popular alcoholic drink in New Zealand, accounting for 63% of available alcohol for sale.[1] New Zealand is ranked 19th in beer consumption per capita, at around 75.5 litres per person per annum. The vast majority of beer… … Wikipedia
Swill — has several uses: *Swill can refer to any cheap, usually poor tasting beverage, especially beer or liquor of many kinds, or to food unfit for human consumption. This usage is likely derived from the term pig swill, which is a generic term for… … Wikipedia
swill — 1. n. liquor. □ This swill is awful. Please give me some beer. □ The swill they serve here is better than you can get elsewhere. 2. n. a drink of liquor. □ How about a swill out of your glass? □ … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
swill — swill1 [ swıl ] noun uncount 1. ) a liquid containing waste food, used for feeding pigs 2. ) INFORMAL talk or writing that is nonsense swill swill 2 [ swıl ] verb 1. ) transitive to drink a large amount of something, especially alcohol, in an… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
swill — I UK [swɪl] / US verb Word forms swill : present tense I/you/we/they swill he/she/it swills present participle swilling past tense swilled past participle swilled 1) [transitive] to drink a large amount of something, especially alcohol, in an… … English dictionary
swill — [[t]swɪ̱l[/t]] swills, swilling, swilled 1) VERB If you swill an alcoholic drink, you drink a lot of it. [V n] A crowd of men were standing around swilling beer. 2) V ERG If a liquid swills around, or if you swill it around, it moves around the… … English dictionary
Six o'clock swill — The Six o clock swill was the last minute rush to buy drinks at a hotel bar before it closed. During a significant part of the 20th century, Australian and New Zealand hotels shut their public bars at 6 p.m.; between finishing work (5 p.m.) and… … Wikipedia
six o'clock swill — Australian/New Zealand an excessive drinking of beer An Antipodean phenomenon arising from aridity, machismo, thirst, and unhelpful licensing laws: During those months we considered their sunlit way of life in every State, from… … How not to say what you mean: A dictionary of euphemisms